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      Ukutshintsha amandlaIzibonelelo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso kunye nobomi, kwaye ziyinxalenye ephambili yoyilo lwemveliso yombane.Umbane otshintshayo uncinci, ukhaphukhaphu kwaye uyasebenza, kodwa ngaba ngokwenene kufuneka ulawule unikezelo lwamandla okutshintsha?Eli nqaku liza kuchaza intsingiselo yokutshintsha unikezelo lwamandla kunye nomgaqo wokutshintsha unikezelo lwamandla ngokweenkcukacha ukukunceda utshintshe unikezelo lwamandla olungcono.
Okokuqala, yintoni unikezelo lwamandla okutshintsha.
Ukutshintsha ukunikezelwa kwamandla kukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokutshintsha izinto (ezifana neetyhubhu ze-electron, i-transistors ye-field effect, i-thyristor thyristors, njl.), ngokubhekiselele kwi-loop yokulawula, iinqununu ze-element element zixhunyiwe ngokuqhubekayo kwaye zivaliwe.
Ukunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha kuhambelana nombane wombane.Itheminali yakhe yeplug-in iguqula kwangoko i-AC rectifier ibe ngumbane weDC, kwaye ke, phantsi kwempembelelo yesekethe ye-resonant ephezulu, isebenzisa iswitshi yamandla ukukhohlisa ukuqhutywa kombane we-AC ukuvelisa umbane we-high-frequency surge current. .Ngoncedo lwe-inductor (ikhoyili ye-transformer), unikezelo lwamandla oluthambileyo olusezantsi lwe-DC luyaphuma.Ngenxa yokuba inkcazo engundoqo ye-transformer ihambelana ngokungafaniyo nemitha yesikwere yamandla aphumayo, i-frequency ephezulu, encinci ye-transformer core.Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu i-transformer kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima obupheleleyo kunye nomthamo wokunikezelwa kwamandla.Kwaye, ngenxa yokuba ilawula kwangoko i-DC, olu hlobo lonikezelo lwamandla lusebenza kakhulu kunonikezelo lwamandla ombane.Oku konga amandla ombane kwaye ke kuthandwa kakhulu kuthi.Kodwa nayo ineziphene.Ukutshintshela umbane wesekethe kunzima, ukugcinwa kunzima, kwaye ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo lwesekethe yonikezelo lwamandla lunobuzaza.Ubonelelo lwamandla lunengxolo, kwaye akukhululeki ukusebenzisa iisekethe zonikezelo lwamandla ezinengxolo ephantsi.
Ubonelelo lombane lomda kuqala lunciphisa i-amplitude yombane we-AC ngokwe-transformer, emva koko ifumane umbane we-DC one-pulse enye ngokwebhulorho yokuhlaziya isilungisi sesekethe, emva koko ifumane i-voltage ye-DC equlethe i-voltage encinci ye-ripple ngokokucoca.Ukuze ufezekise kakuhle i-voltage ye-DC echanekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa ityhubhu ye-Zener ngokwesekethe yonikezelo lwamandla elawulwayo.
Okwesibini, umgaqo wokutshintsha ukunikezelwa kwamandla.
Yonke inkqubo yokusebenza kombane wokutshintsha ilula ukuyiqonda.Kunikezelo lwamandla ombane, yenza inethiwekhi yetyhubhu yamandla ephumayo isebenze.Ngokungafaniyo nonikezelo lwamandla emgceni, izixhobo zombane zokutshintsha i-PWM zigcina iityhubhu zamandla eziphumayo zivuliwe kwaye zivaliwe.Kwiimeko ezimbini apha, ukuphindaphinda kwe-volt-ampere okongeziweyo kwityhubhu yamandla ephumayo kuncinci kakhulu (i-voltage iphantsi kwaye ikhoyo ngoku inkulu xa icinyiwe; i-voltage iphezulu kwaye yangoku incinci xa icinyiwe. ) / volt-ampere kwisixhobo sombane sombane Ukuphinda-phindwa kweempawu zegophe ngumonakalo kumacandelo emveliso yamandla esemiconductor.
Xa kuthelekiswa nonikezelo lwamandla ombane, ikhonkco elisebenzayo ngakumbi le-PWM lokutshintsha umbane ligqitywe ngokwe-inverter, kwaye i-voltage ye-DC eza kufakwa igalelo isikwa ibe yi-voltage ye-pulse enye enexabiso le-amplitude elilingana nexabiso legalelo lombane we-amplitude. .
Okwesithathu, iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kokutshintsha umbane:
Izibonelelo ezithile zokutshintsha umbane: ubungakanani obuncinci, ubunzima obulula (umthamo kunye nobunzima obupheleleyo bungama-20 ~ 30% kuphela unikezelo lwamandla ombane), ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu (ngokubanzi 60 ~ 70%, ngelixa umbane wombane ungama-30 ~ 40% kuphela). , Ukuchasana okunamandla okuphazamisa amandla, ukugubungela umbane obanzi, uyilo lwemodyuli.
Iziphene ezithile zombane wokutshintsha: ngenxa yokuba isiphaluka esilungisayo sibangela i-voltage ye-high-frequency voltage, inempembelelo ethile kwizixhobo ezijikelezayo.Ukhuselo olulungileyo kunye nomhlaba kufuneka ugcinwe.
I-AC yangoku inokudlula kwi-rectifier ukufumana amandla e-DC.Njengoko wonke umntu esazi, ngenxa yokutshintshwa kwamandla ombane we-AC kunye nomthwalo wangoku, i-voltage ye-DC efunyenwe emva kokulungisa idla ngokubangela utshintsho lwe-voltage ye-20% ukuya kwi-40%.Ukuze ufumane i-voltage ephucukileyo ezinzileyo yeDC, qiniseka ukuba usebenzisa isekethe yonikezelo lwamandla elawulwayo ukuze ugqibezele ityhubhu ye-zener.Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokugqibezela, unikezelo lwamandla ityhubhu yokulawula i-voltage lunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezintathu: unikezelo lwamandla ombane wetyhubhu yokulawula i-voltage, unikezelo lwamandla olawulo lwamandla olawulo lwesigaba kunye nokutshintsha unikezelo lwamandla ityhubhu yokulawula.Ukutshintsha unikezelo lwamandla kuthetha indlela yophuhliso lokhuselo lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nonikezelo lwamandla olugqwesileyo.
Okwesine, iingxaki eziqhelekileyo xa ukhetha ukunikezelwa kwamandla okutshintsha.
(1) Khetha imodeli yokuchaza igalelo lombane elifanelekileyo;
(2) Khetha amandla emveliso afanelekileyo.Ukuze ukwandise ngcono ubomi bokunikezelwa kwamandla, unokukhetha imodeli enegunya elilinganisiweyo elidlula i-30%.
(3) Ukuqwalasela iimpawu zomthwalo.Ukuba umthwalo uyinjini, i-bulb light okanye i-capacitor load, kwaye i-current ikhulu kakhulu ngexesha lokusebenza, kufuneka kukhethwe umbane ofanelekileyo ukukhusela umthwalo.Ukuba umthwalo uyinjini, ukuguqulwa kombane ekucimeni kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.
(4) Ukongeza, ubushushu bokusebenza kobonelelo lombane kunye nokuba unesixhobo sokupholisa esongezelelweyo esingaphezulu na kufuneka kuqwalaselwe.Unikezelo lwamandla okuqonda ubushushu obugqithisileyo kufuneka lunciphise imveliso.Ijiko lamandla okunciphisa ubushushu.
(5) Imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusetyenziswa:
Imisebenzi yoLondolozo: Ukukhuselwa kweVoltage (OVP), ukuKhuselwa koBubushushu (OTP), ukuKhuselwa kweVoltage (OLP), njl.
Imisebenzi yesicelo: umsebenzi wesignali yedatha (ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okuqhelekileyo, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla angasebenziyo), umsebenzi wokulawula kude, umsebenzi wokubeka iliso, umsebenzi woqhagamshelwano oluhambelanayo, njl.
Iimpawu eziZodwa: Ukulungiswa kweFactor Factor (PFC), Amandla aqhubekayo (UPS)
Khetha iimfuno ezifunekayo zokhuseleko kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-EMC (EMC).