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Xa abanikazi be-asethi yelanga beqwalasela ukuthembeka kwezityalo zabo zamandla elanga, banokucinga ngeemodyuli zelanga zokuqala abazithengayo okanye banokuqhuba ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho wemodyuli.Nangona kunjalo, ii-inverters zefektri zingundoqo weprojekthi yeprojekthi yelanga kwaye zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ixesha liphelile.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-5% yeendleko zezixhobo kwiplanti yamandla e-photovoltaic inokubangela i-90% yexesha lokunciphisa umbane.Ngokubhekiselele, ngokwengxelo ye-2018 Sandia National Laboratory, ii-inverters ziyimbangela yokufika kwi-91% yokungaphumeleli kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu eziluncedo.
Xa i-inverters enye okanye ngaphezulu ingaphumeleli, i-photovoltaic arrays ezininzi ziya kunqunyulwa kwigridi, eya kunciphisa kakhulu inzuzo yeprojekthi.Umzekelo, cinga ngeprojekthi yelanga ye-250 megawatt (MW).Ukungaphumeleli kwe-4 MWh inverter esembindini enye kunokubangela ilahleko ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25 MWh/ngosuku, okanye kwisivumelwano sokuthenga amandla (PPA) ireyithi ye-$50/ngosuku, Ilahleko ye-1,250 MWh ngosuku.Ukuba yonke i-5MW i-photovoltaic array ivaliwe kwinyanga enye ngexesha lokulungiswa kwe-inverter okanye ukutshintshwa, ilahleko yengeniso yaloo nyanga iya kuba yi-US $ 37,500, okanye i-30% yexabiso lokuqala lokuthengwa kwe-inverter.Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ilahleko yengeniso luphawu olutshabalalisayo kwiphepha lomncono labanikazi be-asethi kunye neflegi ebomvu kubatyali-mali bexesha elizayo.
Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwe-inverter kungaphezulu nje kokuthenga kuluhlu lwabagqatswa abafumana inkxaso-mali kwinqanaba elinye labavelisi be-inverter kunye nokukhetha elona xabiso liphantsi.
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi yamava ekuphuhliseni nasekulawuleni ii-inverters zobukhulu obahlukeneyo kubavelisi abakhulu, ndiyakuqinisekisa ukuba ii-inverters aziyompahla.Umboneleli ngamnye uneseti eyahlukileyo yoyilo lobunikazi, imigangatho yoyilo, iinxalenye kunye nesoftware, kunye nezinto eziqhelekileyo ezingekho kwishelufu ezinokuthi zibe nomgangatho wazo kunye nemiba yokubonelela.
Nangona uthembele kwimodeli eqinisekisiweyo engazange iphumelele ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa, usenokuba sengozini.Ekubeni iinkampani ze-inverter ziphantsi koxinzelelo lokunciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa, nokuba ii-inverters zemodeli efanayo zifaniswa, uyilo luya kuqhubeka luhlaziywa.Ke ngoko, imodeli ye-inverter ekhethiweyo ebithembekile kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo inokuba nezinto ezahlukeneyo eziphambili kunye ne-firmware xa ifakwe kwiprojekthi yakho yamva nje.
Ukuze unciphise umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwe-inverter, kubalulekile ukuqonda indlela i-inverter ehluleka ngayo kwaye ngawaphi amanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ukunciphisa le mingcipheko.
#1 Uyilo: Ukungaphumeleli koyilo kuhambelana nokuguga kwangaphambili kwamacandelo abalulekileyo e-elektroniki, njenge-insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), ii-capacitors, iibhodi zokulawula kunye neebhodi zonxibelelwano.Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe usetyenziso kunye neemeko ezithile, ezifana nobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lombane / lomatshini.
Umzekelo: Ukuba umenzi we-inverter uyila i-IGBT ye-stack yayo yamandla ukuba ilinganiswe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu le-ambient ye-35 ° C, kodwa i-inverter isebenza ngamandla apheleleyo kwi-45 ° C, ukulinganiswa kwe-inverter eyenziwe ngumenzi ayilunganga IGBT.Ke ngoko, le IGBT kusenokwenzeka ukuba iguge kwaye isilele kwangaphambi kwexesha.
Ngamanye amaxesha, abavelisi be-inverter bayila ii-inverters ezine-IGBT ezimbalwa ukwenzela ukunciphisa iindleko, ezinokuthi zikhokelele kubushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza / uxinzelelo kunye nokuguga kwangaphambi kwexesha.Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kungenangqiqo kangakanani, oku kuseyinkqubo eqhubekayo endiyibonileyo kwishishini lelanga le-10-15 iminyaka.
Ubushushu bokusebenza kwangaphakathi kunye nobushushu becandelo le-inverter zizinto eziphambili zokuqwalaselwa koyilo lwe-inverter kunye nokuthembeka.Ezi ntsilelo zangaphambi kwexesha zingancitshiswa ngoyilo olungcono lwe-thermal, ukutshatyalaliswa kokushisa kwendawo, ukuthunyelwa kwee-inverters kwiindawo ezisezantsi zokushisa, kunye nokutyunjwa kokugcinwa kokukhusela ngakumbi.
#2 Uvavanyo lokuthembeka.Umenzi ngamnye uneeprothokholi zovavanyo ezilungelelanisiweyo kunye nezisemthethweni zokuvavanya kunye nokuvavanya ii-inverters zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo amandla.Ukongeza, umjikelo wobomi obufutshane boyilo unokufuna ukutsiba isigaba esibalulekileyo sovavanyo lweemodeli ezithile eziphuculweyo zokuguqula izinto.
#3 uluhlu lweziphene.Nokuba umenzi ukhetha icandelo elichanekileyo kwisicelo esichanekileyo, icandelo ngokwalo linokuba neziphene kwi-inverter okanye nasiphi na isicelo.Ingaba i-IGBTs, i-capacitors okanye ezinye izinto eziphambili ze-elektroniki, ukuthembeka kwe-inverter yonke kuxhomekeke kwikhonkco elibuthathaka kakhulu kumgangatho we-chain chain chain.Itekhnoloji ecwangcisiweyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho kufuneka kuqhutywe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezinto ezineziphene ekugqibeleni zingene kuluhlu lwakho lwelanga.
#4 Izinto ezisetyenziswayo.Abavelisi be-inverter bachanekileyo kakhulu malunga nezicwangciso zabo zokulondoloza, kubandakanywa ukutshintshwa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo ezifana nabalandeli, i-fuses, i-circuit breakers kunye ne-switchgear.Ke ngoko, i-inverter inokusilela ngenxa yokungalunganga okanye ukugcinwa kwayo.Nangona kunjalo, ngokufanayo, banokusilela ngenxa yoyilo okanye iziphene zokwenziwa kwee-inverters zeqela lesithathu okanye izinto ze-OEM.
#5 Ukwenziwa kwemveliso: Okokugqibela, neyona inverter eyilwe kakuhle enekhonkco lokubonelela inokuba nomgca wendibano ombi.Ezi ngxaki zinokuthi zenzeke kuzo zonke iinkalo zenkqubo yokuvelisa.Eminye imizekelo:
Kwakhona, ukuze kugcinwe ixesha kunye nexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide lenzuzo, kubalulekile ukufaka i-inverter eqinisekisiweyo kunye nethembekileyo.Njengenkampani yesithathu eqinisekisa umgangatho, iChina Eastern Airlines ayikhethi bavelisi, imifuziselo okanye ucalucalulo kulo naluphi na uhlobo.Inyaniso kukuba bonke abavelisi be-inverter kunye neentambo zabo zokubonelela baya kuba neengxaki zomgangatho ngamaxesha, kwaye ezinye iingxaki zixhaphake ngakumbi kunezinye.Ngoko ke, ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwe-inverter, isisombululo esinokwethenjelwa kuphela sinokuthembeka okuhambelanayo kunye nesicwangciso sokuqinisekisa umgangatho (QA).
Kuninzi lwabathengi beeprojekthi ezinkulu eziluncedo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wemali, isicwangciso soqinisekiso lomgangatho kufuneka siqale sikhethe eyona inverter ilungileyo ekhoyo ngokusekwe kuyilo lwayo, ulwakhiwo, ukusebenza kwesiza, kunye nokhetho oluthile lweprojekthi, oluya kuthi luthathele ingqalelo imozulu kwindawo yeeMeko. , iimfuno zegridi, iimfuno zexesha kunye nezinye izinto zemali.
Uphononongo lwekhontrakthi kunye nophononongo lwewaranti luya kuphawula naluphi na ulwimi olunokuthi lubeke umnini we-asethi kumthintelo osemthethweni kuwo nawaphi na amabango ewaranti kwixesha elizayo.
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, isicwangciso esilumkileyo se-QA kufuneka siquke uphicotho-zincwadi lwefektri, ukubeka iliso kwimveliso kunye novavanyo lokwamkelwa kwefektri (FAT), kubandakanywa ukukhangela amabala kunye novavanyo lomgangatho wee-inverters ezithile ezenzelwe izityalo zombane welanga.
Izinto ezincinci zenza umfanekiso opheleleyo weprojekthi eyimpumelelo yelanga.Kubalulekile ukuba ungawuhoyi umgangatho xa ukhetha kwaye ufaka ii-inverters kwiprojekthi yakho yelanga.
UJaspreet Singh ngumphathi wenkonzo ye-inverter ye-CEA.Ukususela ekubhaleni eli nqaku, uye waba ngumphathi wemveliso ophezulu we-Q CELLS.